Experiencia de trombolisis sistematizada en infarto cerebral agudo en un hospital público de Chile / Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a Chilean public hospital

Background: The only accepted treatment for acute ischemic stroke is thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). It was implemented in Chile in 1996, although its use was mainly restricted in Chile to private clinics. Recently, at year 2009, we have implemented this treatment in a public hospital. Aim: To describe the results of treatment of acute ischemic stroke with t-PA in a public hospital in Chile. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of all eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke that were admitted within 4 hours of its onset and had no contraindications for thrombolysis. Results: In an eight months period, a total of 19 intravenous thrombolyses were performed in 12 males and seven females aged 28 to 79 years old. The mean lapse between onset of symptoms and onset of thrombolysis was 190 ± 57 min. Results were favorable, according to Rankin and National Institute of Health Stroke scales. Ninety days after treatment, 63 percent of patients had minimal or absent disability, 26 percent had moderate disability and only one (5 percent) had severe disability. One patient had a clinically not significant intracranial hemorrhage and one patient died six days after thrombolysis. Conclusions: These results indicate that thrombolysis can be successfully implemented in Chilean public hospitals. The limitations for its use in this setting are mostly administrative.

Neurosífilis meningovascular y gomatosa cerebral concomitante, en paciente seronegativo para virus de inmunodeficiencia humana / Meningovascular neurosyphilis and concomitant syphilitic gummata in hiv-seronegative patients

Neurosyphilis (NS) is caused by the presence of Treponema Pallidum (TP) spirochete within the Central Nervous System (CNS), mainly affecting the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 5 percent to 10 percent of untreated syphilitic patients are deemed to develop symptomatic NSÕ. Its incidence and clinical spectrum have changed over the years with prevalence of early clinical stages of meningitic and meningovascular (MV) NS and exceptional occurrence of late clinical stages (tabes dorsalis, general paresis, and gummata) in the age of antibiotics. The case under analysis deals with aggressive MV and concomitant brain gumma (BG) NS. The case subject is a human inmunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative, 44-year-old woman with 2-year symptomatic latency. Her medical record showed recurrent sensorimotor vascular involvement, fast cognitive damage and chronic, daily cephalea. She met clinical diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid and serologic criteria for NS. Brain computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) reported lenticulostriate artery infarction and bilateral ganglionic syphilitic gummata. She underwent Penicillin G-based treatment, making progress with neurological, cognitive-motor sequelae. Although NS has anticipated and speeded up its several clinical stages in connection with HIV/Syphilis co-infection, the peculiarity of this case is the concurrence of early and late NS manifestations in HIV-seronegative patient. The conclusion is that NS is a disease that still prevails and that appropriate diagnosis and treatment prevent irreversible neurological sequelae.

La Neurosífilis (NS) es causada por la invasión del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) por la espiroqueta Treponema Pallidum (TP), afectando primariamente las meninges y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Entre 5 a 10 por ciento de los pacientes sifilíticos no tratados desarrollarán una NS sintomáticaÕ. Su incidencia y espectro clínico ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, siendo las formas clínicas precoces meníngea y meningovascular (MV) las más prevalentes. En contraste, las formas tardías (tabes dorsal, parálisis general y gomas) son de ocurrencia excepcional en la era antibiótica. Se analiza un caso de NS menigovascular y gomas cerebrales concomitantes, de curso clínico agresivo. En una mujer de 44 años, seronegativa para virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), con latencia sintomática de dos años. Presentaba una historia de focalidad sensitivo-motor de perfil vascular recurrente, rápido deterioro cognitivo-motor y cefalea crónica diaria. Cumplía criterios diagnósticos clínicos, licuorales y serológicos para NS. La Tomografía computada (TC) y Resonancia Magnética (RM) cerebral mostró infartos arteriolares lentículo-estriados y gomas sifilíticas ganglionares bilaterales. Recibió tratamiento con Penicilina G, evolucionando con secuelas neurológicas cognitivas-motoras. Si bien, la NS actualmente, ha anticipado y acelerado sus diferentes formas clínicas en relación a co-infección VIH/Sífilis. Lo llamativo de este caso, es la presentación concomitante de con manifestaciones precoces y tardías de NS en paciente VIH seronegativo. Se concluye que la NS sigue siendo una enfermedad vigente y su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno previene secuelas neurológicas irreversibles.